It is known that various complexity-theoretical problems can be translated into some special spectra problems (see e.g. Fagin [Fa74] or Blass and Gurevich, [Bl-Gu86]). So questions about complexity classes are translated into questions about the expressive power of some languages. In this paper we investigate the spectra of some logics with Henkin quanti fiers in the empty vocabulary. This problem has been investigated fi rstly by Krynicki and Mostowski in [Kr-Mo 92] and [Kr- Mo 95]. All presented results can be (...) also treated as results about the expressive power of certain languages in fi nite models. (shrink)

Autorinnen und Autoren aus Polen, Deutschland, Österreich, der Schweiz, den Niederlanden, Israel und Kanada legen in den Beiträgen dieses Bandes ihre neuesten Forschungsergebnisse vor. Im ersten Teil nähern sie sich unter spezifischen Fragestellungen der Person und dem Werk Janusz Korczaks. Der zweite Teil befasst sich mit seiner erzieherischen Praxis und zeigt, welche Elemente der Pädagogik Korczaks in der gegenwärtigen Erziehungspraxis von entscheidender Bedeutung sind.

Based on a theoretical exploration in a previous article, this paper empirically analyzes which issues of SD are taken into account by corporations and stakeholders in what way, and to what extent the concept of sustainable development (SD) can be achieved through stakeholder relations management (SRM) on the corporate level. An important basis for this empirical analysis is a referential framework, which specifies 14 issues of SD. In a first empirical step, the literature-based framework has been operationalized for the business (...) world by analyzing sustainability reports. In a second empirical step, the operationalized framework served as the basis for a survey of selected MNCs. The analyses of the sustainability reports and the survey show how MNCs deal with particular issues of SD and what role they perceive particular stakeholders play. A key conclusion of the article is that SRM indeed promotes SD, but that it is no alternative to predictable government regulation. (shrink)

I will put forward a short, simple argument for a pair of realist claims: metaphysical realism and what I will refer to as epistemological realism. The argument will rely upon nothing more than our apparent memories. Having presented the argument, I will go on to consider possible objections to it, of which there will be a number but none of which will do more than complicate the matter. The argument I present borrows from Peirce’s view that the world’s capacity to (...) surprise us plays a vital role in guiding us toward truth, and from the argument to the best explanation. However, it combines the two views in a way I have not seen done previously. (shrink)

This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work. This work is in the public domain (...) in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant. (shrink)

It is known that various complexity-theoretical problems can be translated into some special spectra problems. Thus, questions about complexity classes are translated into questions about the expressive power of some languages. In this paper we investigate the spectra of some logics with Henkin quantifiers in the empty vocabulary.

Die Gefühlsmoral ist ein Auszug aus der "Phänomenologie des sittlichen Bewußtseins", dem Hauptwerk zur Ethik des preußischen Philosophen Eduard von Hartmann (1842–1906). Sie verweist nicht nur zurück auf die Herkunft der Ethik aus dem Unbewußten, sondern auch voraus auf die allmähliche Evolution der moralischen Autonomie im Bereich der Gefühle. Nach Hartmann gibt es keinen einheitlichen moral sense, sondern eine irreduzible Vielfalt moralischer Gefühle. Reine Vernunftmoral bleibt abstrakt und unzulänglich auf der Ebene der Motivation. Reine Gefühlsmoral, welche einzelne Gefühle wie (...) Stolz, Ehre, Vergeltung oder Dankbarkeit, Geselligkeit, Mitleid, Pietät oder Treue verabsolutiert, führt dagegen zu einer Unterbestimmung oder Verirrung der ethischen Urteilsfindung. Gegen den methodischen Isolationismus, der ein einziges Gefühlsprinzip zum Fundament der Ethik erhebt, legt Hartmann dar, wie sich diverse Gefühle gegenseitig stützen und modifizieren. Kündigt sich in den einzelnen moralischen Gefühlen bereits eine unbewußte Struktur und Zweckorientierung an, so muß diese in späteren Teilen der Ethik explizit gemacht und begründet werden. Der Abschnitt über die Gefühlsmoral bietet einen leicht verständlichen Zugang zu Hartmanns Ethik und ist besonders geeignet, seine Bedeutung als Anreger und Wegbereiter einer phänomenologisch und kulturphilosophisch orientierten Ethik, die im 20. Jahrhundert von Max Scheler, Albert Schweitzer und Otto Friedrich Bollnow fortgeführt wurde, zu verdeutlichen. (shrink)

The paper titled “Cognitive Enhancement and Social Mobility: Skepticism from India,” written by Jayashree Dasgupta and colleagues (2023) is a very valuable addition to the Western discourse on huma...

Contrary to the widely held view that the Roman-Carthaginian naval encounter Polybios reports at 1.21.9-11 was separate from the one off Mylae (260 BC) told at length right afterwards (1.23), the battle at the ‘Cape of Italy’ is in fact - as suspected by some scholars long ago - identical with the one at Mylae. However, far from mistaking (as has been suggested) Philinos’ account of the latter for a separate engagement, Polybios knowingly and deliberately told the battle of Mylae (...) twice: first in a brief summary, stripped of all detail, to illustrate how the Roman commander Cn. Scipio Asina (cos. 260) and his Punic counterpart, Hannibal, were both guilty of equally inappropriate acts of recklessness; then for a second time in detail and in its proper chronological place. Compositional considerations prompted this approach: to wait with the moralizing parallel until after his full account of Mylae (preceded in turn by the long technical disquisition on the Roman boarding bridges) would spoil the effect, and Polybios chose to place it immediately after Asina’s capture. (shrink)